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1. Firmware Update Fr Dyon Raptor V2
2. Firmware Update Fr Dyon Raptor Ii
3. Firmware Update Fr Dyon Raptor Hunter
4. Firmware Update Fr Dyon Raptors

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• 3Requirements
• 4Building the OpenPOWER Firmware
• 5Installing the OpenPOWER firmware
• 6Troubleshooting the OpenPOWER Firmware
• 7Building the OpenBMC firmware

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Purpose

The following steps can be used to compile and update the firmware on Raptor CS's OpenPOWER systems, such as the Talos II or Blackbird.

Applicability

These specific instructions are for the Talos II, though the process for compiling firmware for other OpenPOWER systems like Blackbird should be very similar.

Requirements

• At least 25GB of free hard drive space
• 16GB of free RAM

Building on Debian

The build system (op-build) has been primarily tested using Debian Stretch. Ensure you install the following packages:

Building on other Linux distributions

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If you are on a different distribution, such as Fedora 28, a Debian chroot is recommended:

Enter the chroot and install the needed packages:

Also create a user inside the chroot to build under:

You can now use the chroot to build the firmware.

To enter the chroot in the future, you can run the following from any terminal:

Building the OpenPOWER Firmware

Downloading the sources

Raptor CS maintains a public Git repository containing the complete source code for the firmware.To download the source code for Talos systems:

To download the source code for Blackbird systems:

Note: The master branch is often in a non-functional state. The latest firmware branch (either raptor-v2.00 or raptor-v1.05 at the time of this update) should be used.

Building the firmware

Before building the firmware, check the README.md file to ensure that all needed packages are installed.

The firmware can then be built using the following commands:

You can pass -j<num-cores> to perform a parallel build (op-build invokes make), though this may result in very high memory usage.

If the build completes successfully, the final firmware image is at output/images/talos.pnor.

Rebuilding an individual package

To rebuild an individual package (such as Hostboot) and recreate the talos.pnor image, run:

where pkgname is the name of the package to rebuild.

For example:

Note when recompiling hostboot into a PNOR image with openpower-pnor-rebuild, it is usually recommended to force a machine XML rebuild as well:

Installing the OpenPOWER firmware

Transfer image to BMC

Copy the firmware to the BMC:

Establish BMC sessions

At this point, you should connect two SSH sessions to OpenBMC.In the first session, run the following to display the console during boot:

The console log will be useful in debugging any issues with the firmware that could occur.

In the second session, get a shell on the BMC via SSH:

Ensure the system is off before proceeding:

The CurrentHostState must be Off before continuing with the procedure.If the CurrentHostState is not Off, please turn off the machine:

Running the firmware temporarily

You can test the firmware without installing it, though this requires rebuilding OpenBMC to use a modified mboxd binary.

First, stop mboxd:

Restart mboxd with the additional -b argument:

You can now test the new firmware image by starting the machine:

When you have finished testing the image, stop the machine:

Note: Ensure the machine is off before proceeding. Verify this by running obmcutil state.

Finally, terminate mboxd and restart the normal mboxd:

Flashing the firmware

Warning: Some PNOR firmware updates may require a BMC update to function. Before flashing ensure that your installed BMC firmware is capable of booting the image. It is also possible to downgrade using these instructions in the event of a non-functioning firmware image.

Ensure the system is off.

Perform the update:

Start the machine:

Note: The machine may reboot multiple times when first booted after a firmware update. This is normal; do not interrupt the process.

Troubleshooting the OpenPOWER Firmware

General advice

Always upgrade PNOR and BMC together

Many mismatched PNOR/BMC version combinations lead to weird failures.

Try downgrading the PNOR+BMC firmware

Firmware package 1.04 seems the most reliable at updating the SBE SEEPROM inside the POWER9 chip package.

Always use processor socket 0 for SBE updates

The BMC firmware and/or FSI driver seem to either forget to update the SBE SEEPROM in the second CPU socket, leading to a boot with only CPU 0 active. When you get a brand new chip you need to install it in CPU socket 0 leaving socket 1 empty, wait for the double-reboot to update the SEEPROM, and then you can move that chip to socket 1 if you like.

Try unplugging the HSF fan power during SBE update

Not kidding about this. The BMC is insanely complicated — it's got an entire operating system in there for some reason. It even has systemd. The BMC's systemd often gets into a funky loop restarting hwmon over and over and over, interrupting the SBE SEEPROM reflash every time it does this. Unplugging the PROC0 HSF 4-pin connector gets it to fail hard (due to inability to read the tachometer) and stay failed so the SBE update can proceed. Ugly as this is, it's easier than trying to figure out what systemd thinks it's doing.

SBE_MASTER_VERSION_DOWNLEVEL

If you see the following message reported in the console, then the SBE update process did not work as expected:

The machine needs to be reset to finish the update procedure:

The update should now complete as expected.

Firmware Update Fr Dyon Raptor Ii

A bug report is open to track this issue.

internal compiler error: Killed

Building the Hostboot source code requires a large amount of RAM. If your machine runs out, you may see an error similar to the following:

To continue you have a few options:

• Reduce the number of parallel jobs being run by appending -j<num> to you build command line

• Increase the swap space (not recommended)
• Install additional RAM

Bugs

Firmware issues should be reported preferably upstream.If they are specific to Raptor CS products, please report them on their bug tracker.

Building the OpenBMC firmware

Downloading the sources

Raptor CS maintains a public Git repository containing the complete source code for the firmware.To download the source code:

Building the firmware

Ensure that all needed support packages are installed. See the README.md for information on needed packages.

The firmware can then be built using the following commands:

The resulting firmware image can then be found in the tmp/deploy/images/talos/ directory.

Note: If mboxd fails to build, you may need to patch mboxd.bb.
Note: If building newer versions of the firmware, TEMPLATECONF has changed to TEMPLATECONF=meta-rcs/meta-talos/conf. This should be set before running . open-env. If not, do a git clean and start over with the new TEMPLATECONF.

Installing the firmware

Warning: If you are attempting to upgrade a Talos system from firmware 1.06 or earlier to the 04-16-2019 beta branch, you must follow the directions at Talos_II/Firmware/Public_Beta. Failure to do so may result in a non-booting BMC.

Once firmware has been built, the resulting image-kernel and image-rofs binaries must be copied to /run/initramfs/ on the BMC:

Once the images have been transferred, reboot the BMC. The new firmware files will be detected and automatically applied.

The reboot may take some time. Once complete, you will be able to log back in via SSH.

Recovering from failed firmware updates

See Debricking the BMC.

• 4Updating the BMC firmware
  • 4.2Installed System Package revision lower than v2.00

Purpose

This guide describes how to upgrade the firmware of your RCS OpenPOWER machine.

Applicability

All RCS OpenPOWER systems.

Overview

Your Raptor Computing Systems POWER9 mainboard contains three primary firmware components — a system control FPGA bitstream, the BMC software stack, and the host OpenPOWER firmware (PNOR). The BMC and host PNOR are easily upgradeable over a network connection.

In contrast, the FPGA bitstream is rarely changed. Should an FPGA bitstream update be desired, a direct SPI programming connection to a Flashrom compatible system is required via the provided FPGA programming header.

A list of current firmware versions for each supported product is available on the pages shown below:

While we strongly encourage you to compile your own firmware components from the provided source, we also provide prebuilt firmware images for download. Please note that, in general, the only way to guarantee that you or your organization's security requirements are met is to download and audit the provided source code, then compile from that audited codebase. This is not unique to our systems; the nature of all software is that the binary form may be very difficult to analyze for undesired or unintended operation.

Updating the BMC firmware

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Installed System Package revision v2.00 or higher

Starting with System Package v2.00, there is an easy point+click upgrade mechanism available for your BMC and PNOR components. Simply navigate to https://<your BMC IP address>, log in with your root credentials, and select Server Configuration-->Firmware.

We will also continue to support the SSH-based update mechanism, which is appropriate for large enterprise deployments and advanced users. Starting with System Package v2.00 installed on the BMC, you can transfer a new image-bmc file to the BMC and reboot to install the update without worrying about erasing any critical data from Flash.

Installed System Package revision lower than v2.00

Note: The BMC should never need to be fully reprogrammed. Erasing the entire BMC flash device will also erase U-Boot and its associated environment variables, requiring that they be reloaded from information printed on the mainboard itself. In particular, from the factory, the IPMI MAC address is stored in both the U-Boot loader via the default environment variable string, and the currently active U-Boot environment variables. This IPMI MAC address may also be found on the mainboard below CPU0 should you need to reprogram it for any reason.

The preferred method of updating the BMC is to take the BMC update files that you have either compiled or obtained from official Raptor Computing Systems sources, and to upload them to the BMC. Once uploaded, the BMC is able to self-update.

This procedure can be done with the host powered on, but it might result in artifacts such as power button starting to blink until the host is rebooted.

Transfer update files

Perform the upgrade by transferring the following two files to /run/initramfs/ on the BMC:

• image-kernel
• image-rofs

scp or any similar utility is capable of transferring the upgrade files. To avoid running out of disk space by placing these files in temporary directories, you can transfer them directly into /run/initramfs/ with something like scp image-{kernel,rofs} root@$TALOS_BMC_ADDR:/run/initramfs/.

Apply update

After transfer, reboot the BMC via the reboot command over SSH or the local BMC serial console. The firmware update will be applied automatically.

Default BMC login information is contained in the User's Guide.

Updating the OpenPOWER firmware

The host PNOR flash device, which contains the OpenPOWER firmware (Hostboot, Skiboot, and other host-level firmware components required to IPL your POWER9 system), can be modified in its entirety via the BMC.

With chassis power off, but standby power on, transfer the upgrade .pnor file to the BMC's /tmp/ directory. Once the transfer is complete, log in to the BMC via SSH.

Execute the following command:

For all currently released system package versions, also execute the following command:

If no errors occur with either command, the upgrade is complete. You may now power on and use your updated system.

The host may power itself off and back on up to two times before booting into the OS; this is normal after a firmware update.

Updating the FPGA firmware

Referencing the schematics provided on the included DVD, carefully connect your SPI programmer to the FPGA programming header. Apply standby power to your system but do not turn it on.

Using a current version of Flashrom with the upstream Atmel enablement patch applied, flash the new FPGA firmware binary to the on-board storage device.

Complete the upgrade by removing all power; wait for all LEDs on your system to extinguish, then reapply power. The upgrade is now complete and and you may use your system normally.

Firmware Update Fr Dyon Raptors

An example:You need an ISP programmer, e.g. Bus Pirate or CH341a and a second computer with Linux with installed Flashrom. Version 1.1 already contains the required patch.

Using the Bus Pirate (v3.6 is recommended):

Read the steps below completely before you start.

Attention: If at any time an error occurs or the output differs from the one given here, check the previous steps or contact us on IRC.

Optional step: udev rule

Create the file /etc/udev/rules.d/98-buspirate.rules, and insert the following line:

SUBSYSTEM'tty', ATTRS{idVendor}'0403', ATTRS{idProduct}'6001', GROUP='users', MODE='0666', SYMLINK+='buspirate'

This has the advantage that the path to the programmer is always the same, no matter to which USB port the programmer is connected.

You must then reboot your computer or reload your udev rules with the following command (as root):

udevadm control --reload-rules

• connect the programmer to the second computer via USB
• disconnect the Talos/Blackbird from the power supply (pull the power cord or switch off the PSU)
• do not connect VCC to the FPGA header. The chip gets the power supply from the PSU of the Talos/Blackbird. Wait until the LEDs go out.
• connect the remaining wires of the programming cable to the FPGA header (see manual or schematics on the DVD)
• do not boot the Talos/Blackbird, just reconnect the power supply so that the LEDs light up again. Wait at least 30 seconds after you run the next point.
• check the connection between programmer and Talos/Blackbird with the following command in the terminal (as root):

  flashrom -p buspirate_spi:dev=/dev/buspirate

• for CH341a:

  flashrom -p ch341a_spi

You should get the following output:

• You don’t need to upgrade the firmware
• If you get a message like „unknown Atmel chip detected“, you carried out the command too quickly. Wait a little longer and try again.

• download the required firmware from the wiki.raptorcs.com site
• open a terminal and change to the directory where the firmware is located, e.g. Downloads
• execute the following command in the terminal (as root):

  flashrom -p buspirate_spi:dev=/dev/buspirate,spispeed=1M -w filename-of-the-firmware.bin -V

• for CH341a:

  flashrom -p ch341a_spi -w filename-of-the-firmware.bin -V

The command above deletes, writes and verifies the chip. You don’t need a higher spispeed as 1M. The flashing process only takes seconds.

At the end, an output should appear as follows:

• disconnect the power supply of the Talos/Blackbird until the LEDs go out. Wait 30 seconds.
• remove the Bus Pirate wires from the FPGA header.
• connect (or switch on) the power supply of the Talos/Blackbird.
• now you can boot the Talos/Blackbird again.

It may take a little longer for the first boot process. Do not panic.

Troubleshooting

Some hints for resolving firmware-related problems can be found here.

If OpenBMC works but you have boot problems into petitboot you can attach a serial (RS232) cable with a null modem adapter to your Raptor Talos or Blackbird motherboard and start logging the boot process on the other (Linux) computer with:

Replace the ttyUSB0 device name with the device name of your serial port. You can find the recognized serial ports via

Then switch on your Raptor via the power button (warm start).

If your other computer does not have serial RS232 port you can use an USB-to-serial converter cable and null modem adapter like these ones:

• VTOP USB serial RS232 Adapter - USB to RS232 Serial DB9 9 PIN COM Port Converter cable (about 20 USD)
• DeLock Adapter Sub-D 9Pin Bu/Bu null modem